管殼式換熱器又稱列管式換熱器。是(shi)以封閉在殼體中管束的(de)壁(bi)面(mian)作(zuo)為傳熱面(mian)的(de)間壁(bi)式換熱器。這種(zhong)換熱器結構較簡單，操(cao)作(zuo)可靠，可用(yong)各(ge)種(zhong)結構材(cai)料（主要(yao)是(shi)金屬材(cai)料）制造(zao)，能在高(gao)溫、高(gao)壓下使用(yong)，是(shi)目前應(ying)用(yong)最廣的(de)類型。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)由殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)、傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)、管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板、折流(liu)板（擋(dang)板）和管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱等部件組成。殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)多為(wei)圓筒形(xing)，內部裝有管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)兩(liang)端固定(ding)在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板上，而管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板又與外(wai)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)連接在一起。進(jin)行(xing)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)的冷(leng)、熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)兩(liang)種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，一種在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)內流(liu)動，稱為(wei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)；另(ling)一種在管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)動，稱為(wei)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。為(wei)提高(gao)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外(wai)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的傳熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)膜(mo)系數(shu)，通常(chang)在殼(ke)(ke)(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內安裝若干擋(dang)板。擋(dang)板可提高(gao)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)速度(du)，迫使流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)按(an)規定(ding)路程(cheng)(cheng)多次橫向(xiang)通過管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束(shu)，增強流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)湍流(liu)程(cheng)(cheng)度(du)。圖7.2（a）為(wei)最簡(jian)單(dan)的單(dan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)單(dan)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)。管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)(ke)(ke)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)按(an)結構(gou)特(te)點分為(wei)固定(ding)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、浮頭式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、U形(xing)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、填(tian)函式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)、雙重管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)式(shi)換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)和雙管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)板換(huan)(huan)(huan)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)等，前3種應(ying)用比較普遍。

  管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)殼(ke)式換熱(re)(re)器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束由許多管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子組成(cheng)，管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束構成(cheng)換熱(re)(re)器的(de)傳熱(re)(re)面。為了增加流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)在(zai)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)外空(kong)間(jian)(jian)的(de)流(liu)速，以提高換熱(re)(re)器殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)傳熱(re)(re)膜系數(shu)(shu)(shu)，改善換熱(re)(re)器的(de)傳熱(re)(re)情(qing)況，在(zai)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)間(jian)(jian)隔安裝(zhuang)了許多折(zhe)流(liu)擋板(ban)。換熱(re)(re)器的(de)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)和兩側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)上(shang)(shang)（對于偶數(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)，則在(zai)一側(ce)(ce)）開有流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)進(jin)出(chu)口，有時還在(zai)其上(shang)(shang)裝(zhuang)設(she)檢查孔，為安置(zhi)儀表用的(de)接口管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、排液(ye)孔和排氣(qi)孔等。在(zai)換熱(re)(re)器中，一種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從(cong)一側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)進(jin)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)子里，經另一側(ce)(ce)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)（成(cheng)為后管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)）流(liu)出(chu)（對奇(qi)數(shu)(shu)(shu)單管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換熱(re)(re)器），或繞過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，流(liu)回進(jin)口側(ce)(ce)前管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)流(liu)出(chu)（對偶數(shu)(shu)(shu)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)換熱(re)(re)器），流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)每通過(guo)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束一次稱為一個管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。另一種流(liu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)從(cong)筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)上(shang)(shang)的(de)連接管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)進(jin)出(chu)換熱(re)(re)器管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)，流(liu)經管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)束外，每通過(guo)殼(ke)體(ti)(ti)(ti)一次稱為一個殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)。圖7.2（c）所示為二管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、單殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)，工(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)上(shang)(shang)稱為1-2型換熱(re)(re)器（此處1表示殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)，2表示管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)數(shu)(shu)(shu)）。同(tong)樣，在(zai)換熱(re)(re)器筒(tong)體(ti)(ti)(ti)內(nei)加縱向擋板(ban)也(ye)能得到(dao)多殼(ke)程(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)結構，見圖7.2（b）。

  按(an)GB151的規定，管殼式(shi)換熱器(qi)主要部件如(ru)圖7.3所示。