用管道(dao)輸(shu)送(song)原油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)、成品油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)和液化石(shi)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)氣的建(jian)設(she)工程(cheng)。一般(ban)包括輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)、輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)及輔助設(she)施(shi)等工程(cheng)內容。輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)系統(tong)(tong)是各類型輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)、管道(dao)及有(you)(you)關設(she)施(shi)的統(tong)(tong)稱。輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)工程(cheng)中(zhong)各類工藝站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)(chang)的統(tong)(tong)稱。首(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)的起點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。中(zhong)間站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是在(zai)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)首(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之間設(she)有(you)(you)的各類站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)(chang)的統(tong)(tong)稱。分輸(shu)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是在(zai)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)沿線(xian),為(wei)分輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)品至用戶(hu)而設(she)置的站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)場(chang)(chang)。中(zhong)間加熱站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是在(zai)輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)首(shou)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)和末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)之間以加熱設(she)施(shi)為(wei)主的輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。末(mo)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)是輸(shu)油(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)管道(dao)的終點(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)(zhan)。
(1)輸(shu)油管(guan)道工程設(she)計(ji)計(ji)算(suan)輸(shu)油量(liang)時,年(nian)(nian)工作(zuo)天數應按350天計(ji)算(suan)。應按設(she)計(ji)委托書或設(she)計(ji)合同規定的輸(shu)量(liang)(年(nian)(nian)輸(shu)量(liang)、月輸(shu)量(liang)、日輸(shu)量(liang))作(zuo)為設(she)計(ji)輸(shu)量(liang)。設(she)計(ji)最小輸(shu)量(liang)應符(fu)合經(jing)濟(ji)及安(an)全輸(shu)送條件。
(2)輸(shu)(shu)油管(guan)(guan)道(dao)設(she)計(ji)宜采用(yong)密閉輸(shu)(shu)送工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。若采用(yong)其(qi)他(ta)輸(shu)(shu)送工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),應(ying)進行(xing)技術經濟論(lun)(lun)證,并說明其(qi)可行(xing)性。當管(guan)(guan)輸(shu)(shu)多種油品時,宜采用(yong)順序輸(shu)(shu)送工(gong)(gong)藝(yi)。若采用(yong)專管(guan)(guan)專用(yong)輸(shu)(shu)送工(gong)(gong)藝(yi),應(ying)進行(xing)技術經濟論(lun)(lun)證。
(3)輸(shu)(shu)油(you)管(guan)道系統輸(shu)(shu)送工藝方案應依據(ju)設計內壓(ya)力(li)、管(guan)道管(guan)型及鋼種等(deng)級、管(guan)徑、壁(bi)厚(hou)、輸(shu)(shu)送方式、輸(shu)(shu)油(you)站數、順序(xu)輸(shu)(shu)送油(you)品批次(ci)等(deng),以(yi)多個組合(he)方案進行比選(xuan),確定最佳(jia)輸(shu)(shu)油(you)工藝方案。
(4)管(guan)輸(shu)原(yuan)油質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)現(xian)行標(biao)準(zhun)SY/T 7513的規(gui)定;管(guan)輸(shu)液態液化石油氣的質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)現(xian)行國家(jia)標(biao)準(zhun)GB 9052.1或(huo)GB11174的規(gui)定;管(guan)輸(shu)其(qi)他成品油質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)應符(fu)合(he)國家(jia)現(xian)行產品標(biao)準(zhun)。
(5)輸油管道系統輸送工藝總(zong)流程(cheng)圖應(ying)標注(zhu)首站(zhan)、中間(jian)(jian)站(zhan)、末站(zhan)的輸油量,進(jin)出(chu)站(zhan)壓力(li)及(ji)油溫等主要工藝參數。并注(zhu)明線路截(jie)斷閥(fa)、大型(xing)穿跨越、各(ge)站(zhan)間(jian)(jian)及(ji)里程(cheng)、高程(cheng)(注(zhu)明是否(fou)有翻越點)。
(6)輸(shu)(shu)油管道系統輸(shu)(shu)送工藝設計應(ying)包括水力和(he)熱力計算,并進行穩態(tai)和(he)瞬態(tai)水力分析,提出輸(shu)(shu)油管道在密閉輸(shu)(shu)送中瞬變流動過程的控制方法(fa)。
(7)輸油管(guan)道的(de)設計應符(fu)(fu)合現行(xing)國(guo)(guo)家標準GB50253的(de)規定,其穿跨越工程設計應符(fu)(fu)合國(guo)(guo)家現行(xing)標準 SY/T 0015.1 SY/T 0015.2的(de)有(you)關規定。
(8)原(yuan)油管道(dao)(dao)、成品油管道(dao)(dao)和液(ye)(ye)態液(ye)(ye)化石油氣(qi)(LPG)管道(dao)(dao)系統(tong)輸送(song)工藝的計(ji)算及成品.油順序輸送(song)混油段長度計(ji)算應按現(xian)行國家(jia)標準(zhun)GB 50253有關規定計(ji)算。埋地(di)的原(yuan)油輸送管(guan)道的沿線溫降應(ying)按(an)現(xian)行國家標準GB 50253有關規定計算。
(9)原油管(guan)道(dao)輸送要(yao)求:
根據被(bei)輸送(song)原(yuan)油的物理化學性(xing)質及其流變性(xing),通過優(you)化比選,選擇最佳輸送(song)方式;
加熱(re)輸送的(de)埋地原(yuan)油管道(dao),優選(xuan)加熱(re)溫(wen)度(du);管道(dao)是否需保(bao)溫(wen),進行(xing)管道(dao)保(bao)溫(wen)與不保(bao)溫(wen)的(de)技術經濟比較(jiao),確定合理方案。
(10)成(cheng)品油管道(dao)輸送要求:
按設(she)計委托書或(huo)設(she)計合同規(gui)定的成品油輸量、品種與(yu)各品種的比例,以(yi)及分輸、輸入數量,進(jin)行成品油管(guan)道系(xi)統輸送工(gong)藝(yi)設(she)計;
輸(shu)送(song)多品(pin)種成品(pin)油時,宜采用單(dan)管順(shun)序(xu)輸(shu)送(song)。油品(pin)批(pi)量輸(shu)送(song)的排(pai)列順(shun)序(xu),將(jiang)油品(pin)性質相近的緊鄰排(pai)列;
成(cheng)品油(you)順序輸送管道(dao),在輸油(you)站間不宜設(she)置副管;
在順序(xu)輸送高黏(nian)度(du)成(cheng)品油(如(ru)重油)時宜使用隔(ge)離裝置;
多品種成品油順(shun)序輸送管(guan)道,采(cai)用(yong)連續輸送方式;當采(cai)用(yong)間歇輸送時,應采(cai)取(qu)措施以減少混油量(liang);
采用旁接油(you)(you)罐輸送工(gong)藝,當多種油(you)(you)品順序(xu)輸送混油(you)(you)界面(mian)通過泵站時(shi),應切換成(cheng)泵到泵輸送工(gong)藝;
根據油罐區的建(jian)設和營運費用與混(hun)油貶(bian)值造(zao)成的費用損(sun)失兩個方面進(jin)行綜合比較(jiao)后(hou),確定(ding)最佳循環次數。
(11)液(ye)態(tai)液(ye)化(hua)石油氣(LPG)管道輸送要求(qiu):
按(an)設計委托書或設計合同規定(ding)的(de)(de)液態液化(hua)石(shi)油(you)氣輸量、組(zu)分與(yu)各組(zu)分的(de)(de)比(bi)例(li),進行(xing)液態液化(hua)石(shi)油(you)氣管道系統輸送工藝設計;
液態(tai)液化石(shi)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)在管道中輸(shu)(shu)送時,沿線任(ren)何一(yi)點的(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)都必須高(gao)(gao)于輸(shu)(shu)送溫度下(xia)液化石(shi)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)。沿線各中間站(zhan)的(de)進站(zhan)壓(ya)力(li)(li)應(ying)比(bi)同(tong)(tong)溫度下(xia)液化石(shi)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)1.0MPa,末站(zhan)進儲罐前(qian)的(de)壓(ya)力(li)(li)應(ying)比(bi)同(tong)(tong)溫度下(xia)液化石(shi)油(you)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)飽(bao)和蒸氣(qi)(qi)壓(ya)力(li)(li)高(gao)(gao)0.5MPa。
液態液化石(shi)油氣在管道內(nei)的平均(jun)流速,應經技術經濟比較后確定(ding),但要注(zhu)意因管內(nei)摩阻升(sheng)溫而(er)需另行冷卻的能耗,可取0.8~1.4m/s,但最(zui)大不應超過3m/s。

