影響埋弧焊接不(bu)銹鋼(gang)管操作因素主要有以下兩點：

一、焊絲(si)傾斜方向的影(ying)響(xiang)  

   焊絲傾斜方向分為前傾和后傾兩種，如圖4-21所示。焊絲傾角的大小不同，電弧對熔池的力和熱作用也就不同，從而影響到焊縫成形。當焊絲以一定傾角向后傾時，電弧力對熔池金屬的后緣作用減弱，熔池底部的金屬受熱減少，故熔深變淺，如圖4-21（c）所示。后傾角愈大，熔深愈淺，而熔寬增寬。相反，當焊絲做適當前傾時，可少許增加熔深。焊絲前傾斜通常較少采用，只有在特定情況下使用，如焊接小直徑圓筒形焊件的環焊縫時采用這種方法。

二、焊縫(feng)傾角（inclination of weld axis，焊縫(feng)軸線與水平(ping)面之(zhi)間(jian)的夾角）對焊縫(feng)成形的影響

  焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)件在傾斜位置焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接時(shi)(shi)，有(you)(you)上(shang)(shang)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)和(he)下(xia)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)之分，如圖4-22所(suo)示(shi)。上(shang)(shang)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)、下(xia)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)對焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)成(cheng)形的(de)影(ying)響明顯(xian)地不同。上(shang)(shang)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)時(shi)(shi)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)余高(gao)(gao)過高(gao)(gao)，兩側易出現(xian)咬(yao)邊(bian)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)表面成(cheng)形明顯(xian)惡化，實際工作中(zhong)應避免采用上(shang)(shang)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)。下(xia)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)與上(shang)(shang)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)相反，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)的(de)熔深和(he)余高(gao)(gao)均有(you)(you)所(suo)減(jian)(jian)小，而焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)寬度(du)略有(you)(you)增(zeng)加，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)成(cheng)形得到改善(shan)。在焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接圓筒焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)件的(de)內、外環(huan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)時(shi)(shi)，一般均采用下(xia)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)，以(yi)減(jian)(jian)少發生燒穿的(de)現(xian)象，并改善(shan)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)(feng)成(cheng)形。但焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)件下(xia)坡(po)(po)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)的(de)角度(du)過大時(shi)(shi)，熔深減(jian)(jian)小可能(neng)產(chan)生未焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)透焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接缺陷(xian)。