靜電(dian)是指工(gong)業靜電(dian)，即在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)、儲運過程中在(zai)物料、裝置、人體、器材(cai)和構筑物上產(chan)生(sheng)和積累(lei)起來的靜電(dian)。

  兩(liang)種(zhong)不同性質的(de)物體(ti)相(xiang)互摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，緊密接觸(chu)或迅(xun)速剝離都(dou)會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其是一(yi)個物體(ti)失(shi)去電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶有正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷，另一(yi)個物體(ti)得到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子帶負(fu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷。如(ru)果該物體(ti)與(yu)大(da)(da)地絕緣，則電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷無法泄漏，停留在物體(ti)的(de)內部或表(biao)面(mian)而呈(cheng)相(xiang)對靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)止狀態，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷就(jiu)稱靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。可燃化工(gong)物料、油品(pin)等在收(shou)發、輸轉、灌裝(zhuang)過程(cheng)中，物料分(fen)子之(zhi)(zhi)間和其他物質之(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)，會(hui)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓隨著(zhu)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)加劇而增(zeng)大(da)(da)，如(ru)不及時導除，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓增(zeng)高到(dao)一(yi)定程(cheng)度時，就(jiu)會(hui)在兩(liang)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)體(ti)之(zhi)(zhi)間閃火（即靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)）而引起油品(pin)爆炸著(zhu)火。靜(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)高越(yue)容易放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)的高(gao)(gao)低(di)或靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷量(liang)大(da)小主要與下列因素有(you)關：管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)介質流速(su)越(yue)(yue)(yue)快，摩擦(ca)越(yue)(yue)(yue)劇烈，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)越(yue)(yue)(yue)干燥，靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)(yue)(yue)不容易(yi)從空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)中消(xiao)除，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)容易(yi)升高(gao)(gao)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)內(nei)壁越(yue)(yue)(yue)粗糙，油(you)(you)品(pin)流經的彎頭閥(fa)門越(yue)(yue)(yue)多，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)；油(you)(you)品(pin)含水(shui)時(shi)，比(bi)不含水(shui)分產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)高(gao)(gao)幾倍到幾十倍；非金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)，如(ru)橡膠(jiao)、塑料等管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)比(bi)金屬管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)更容易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；管(guan)(guan)道(dao)(dao)上濾網其柵網越(yue)(yue)(yue)密，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越(yue)(yue)(yue)高(gao)(gao)。綢氈過(guo)濾網產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)更高(gao)(gao)；空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的溫度較高(gao)(gao)（22～40℃），空(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的相(xiang)對濕度在13％～24％時(shi)，極易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)；在相(xiang)同條件下，輕質燃料油(you)(you)比(bi)潤滑油(you)(you)易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

  靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的(de)危害有三種：一是可(ke)能引起(qi)爆炸(zha)和火(huo)災，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)的(de)能量雖(sui)然不大，但(dan)因其電(dian)壓(ya)很高且易放電(dian)出現靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)火(huo)花；二是可(ke)能產(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)擊，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)電(dian)擊雖(sui)然不會致人死亡，但(dan)是往(wang)往(wang)會導致二次事故，因此也要加(jia)以防范；三是可(ke)能影(ying)響生(sheng)產(chan)，在(zai)生(sheng)產(chan)中，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)有可(ke)能會影(ying)響儀器設備的(de)正常運(yun)行或降低(di)產(chan)品(pin)的(de)質量。此外(wai)，靜(jing)(jing)電(dian)還會引起(qi)電(dian)子自動元(yuan)件的(de)誤操作(zuo)。