浙江至德鋼業有限公司技術人員用壓力將經過加熱的不銹鋼彎頭推向一個后端加以固定的頂桿,該頂桿的頂頭位于由一對軋輥組成的圓孔型的中心,因此軸向的推力和徑向的軋制力同時作用在方坯上,使彎頭經過頂頭和圓孔型穿孔成為空心坯。在變形過程中只出現壓應力、基本上消除了拉伸應力、剪切應力和連續滑動現象,故穿孔后的不銹鋼彎頭的金屬組織大大改善。

如圖(tu)17-1所示,經過加(jia)熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)不銹(xiu)鋼彎(wan)頭BL經消除氧化鐵皮和(he)(he)定型(xing)后(hou)(hou),被送至(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受料(liao)槽內(nei),并處于液壓(ya)(ya)推(tui)鋼機AP和(he)(he)軋(ya)機機架間(jian)。液力(li)推(tui)鋼機AP將經過熱(re)定心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方坯(pi)推(tui)入(ru)(ru)一(yi)個(ge)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)、公(gong)差很小(xiao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)方形(xing)(xing)入(ru)(ru)口(kou)(kou)導套IG,使方坯(pi)同時(shi)(shi)和(he)(he)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機頭PP和(he)(he)軋(ya)輥(gun)RG相(xiang)遇(yu),并在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)過程維(wei)持(chi)恒定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)推(tui)力(li),然后(hou)(hou)即作(zuo)用在(zai)(zai)它圓(yuan)形(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)上,當空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)HB由軋(ya)輥(gun)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)型(xing)中(zhong)軋(ya)出(chu)時(shi)(shi),立即進入(ru)(ru)堅固(gu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)合得很緊密的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)中(zhong)導套OG.導環(huan)CG,在(zai)(zai)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)開(kai)始時(shi)(shi)位于頂(ding)(ding)桿PB的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)前(qian)端,而(er)當空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)進入(ru)(ru)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)導套0G時(shi)(shi),它與導環(huan)CG相(xiang)遇(yu),并推(tui)動(dong)導環(huan)CG前(qian)進而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)本身(shen)逐漸起到定心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用。因此只要正確地調整入(ru)(ru)口(kou)(kou)導套IG,軋(ya)輥(gun)RG和(he)(he)出(chu)口(kou)(kou)導套OG即可保(bao)證(zheng)不銹(xiu)鋼彎(wan)頭、頂(ding)(ding)頭與頂(ding)(ding)桿三(san)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)中(zhong)心(xin)(xin)線(xian)在(zai)(zai)同一(yi)直(zhi)線(xian)上,故(gu)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)(hou),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)壁(bi)厚比較均(jun)勻。當穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)操(cao)作(zuo)將要結束時(shi)(shi),液力(li)推(tui)鋼機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)柱(zhu)塞桿IP自動(dong)停止前(qian)進,而(er)推(tui)鋼機外(wai)(wai)環(huan)繼續前(qian)進,直(zhi)至(zhi)與頂(ding)(ding)頭相(xiang)遇(yu)為止,此時(shi)(shi)不銹(xiu)鋼彎(wan)頭后(hou)(hou)部的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)全(quan)靠徑(jing)向(xiang)軋(ya)制(zhi)力(li)來完成。方坯(pi)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)后(hou)(hou),打(da)開(kai)鎖門,水冷頂(ding)(ding)桿由空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)心(xin)(xin)坯(pi)內(nei)抽出(chu),其動(dong)作(zuo)和(he)(he)斜軋(ya)穿(chuan)(chuan)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)機是相(xiang)同的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。

