本次GB/T 4334標準的修訂，將標準名稱變更為《金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》，通過名稱明確了上述體系中各標準的適用范圍，便于使用和實施。同時，廢除了方法D—不銹鋼硝酸-氫氟酸腐蝕試驗方法，增加了方法F—銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸腐蝕試驗方法和方法G—40%硫酸-硫酸鐵腐蝕試驗方法，修改了敏化制度和彎曲實驗參數等技術指標。通過本次修訂，提高了不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法標準的科學性、經濟性和實用性，有助于指導和規范高鉻鉬奧(ao)氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼生產和驗收，有助于提高我國不(bu)銹(xiu)鋼產品的技術性能、安全可靠性及環保性能。 前不久，由冶金工業信息標準研究院組織的GB/T 4334《金屬和合金的腐蝕不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》等兩項國家標準和一項國家標準外文版審定會在江蘇無錫順利召開。經過兩輪會議評審的GB/T 4334確定了最終的送審稿。私作為該分技術委員會的委員，全程參與了該標準的修訂過程，下面就為各位提前“劇透”下更新版的主要修改內容。“劇透”的主要目的是為了向小伙伴們闡明專家組對于各修訂之處的原因和意圖，便于大家更好地理解更新版標準的改動之處。預計更新版標準將于2020年正式發布實施，希望屆時都能夠更好地執行。
1. 淘汰落后的硝酸-氫氟酸法
我國(guo)GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)D法——不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)法最早于(yu)(yu)1984年修(xiu)改采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)自(zi)日本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)JIS G 0574-1980。美國(guo)ASTM A262的(de)(de)(de)早期版(ban)本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)也(ye)包含了硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法，但在(zai)(zai)1993年以后(hou)的(de)(de)(de)版(ban)本(ben)中(zhong)(zhong)此(ci)(ci)法遭到(dao)淘汰(tai)，隨后(hou)日本(ben)也(ye)廢除(chu)了JIS G 0574，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)當前其他各(ge)國(guo)標準(zhun)中(zhong)(zhong)均無此(ci)(ci)方法。硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法具有(you)(you)如下特點(dian)：不(bu)(bu)銹鋼(gang)(gang)在(zai)(zai)此(ci)(ci)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)溶液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)腐蝕(shi)(shi)電(dian)位處在(zai)(zai)活(huo)化-鈍化區，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)會伴有(you)(you)嚴重的(de)(de)(de)全面腐蝕(shi)(shi)。所以，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣必(bi)須采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)參照試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣，借助腐蝕(shi)(shi)速率比(bi)值的(de)(de)(de)評定(ding)(ding)方法來(lai)篩(shai)除(chu)全面腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)干擾(rao)影響。此(ci)(ci)外(wai)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)時的(de)(de)(de)溫度為70°C而不(bu)(bu)采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)沸(fei)騰，控制(zhi)相(xiang)對不(bu)(bu)便；試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)溶液(ye)(ye)含有(you)(you)劇毒的(de)(de)(de)氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)，不(bu)(bu)能使用(yong)(yong)(yong)常規(gui)的(de)(de)(de)玻璃容(rong)器，而需采(cai)(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)耐硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)和氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)腐蝕(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)特制(zhi)塑(su)料容(rong)器，這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)因(yin)素都在(zai)(zai)一(yi)定(ding)(ding)程度上影響了該方法，導致該方法幾乎從未被廣泛使用(yong)(yong)(yong)過。由于(yu)(yu)硝(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)-氫(qing)(qing)氟酸(suan)(suan)(suan)(suan)法的(de)(de)(de)這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)特點(dian)，這(zhe)一(yi)方法在(zai)(zai)國(guo)標GB/T 4334-2008中(zhong)(zhong)名存實亡(wang)，因(yin)此(ci)(ci)更(geng)新版(ban)標準(zhun)將該方法廢除(chu)。
2. 新增兩個實驗方法(fa)使適(shi)用(yong)范圍進一步(bu)擴大
GB/T 4334-2008修改采用自ISO 3651-1,3651-2。但是只保留了ISO 3651-1中的硝酸法和ISO 3651-2中A法——銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法。而對于ISO 3651-2中B 法——銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法則并未納入，此外，GB/T 4334-2008方法B名義上由ISO 3651-2中C法變更而來，實際相對于早期版本并無實質變化。GB/T 4334 的早期版本GB/T 4334.1~5-1980 和GB/T 4334.1~5-2000 最早非等效采用日本標準JIS G 0571~0575。而在1999年，日本對這幾個標準進行了較大的修改，由原先的ASTM體系逐漸向ISO體系靠攏。JIS G 0575-1999在原先銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法的基礎上，增加了銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法，JIS G 0572-2006將原來與ASTM A262中B法等同的50%硫酸-硫酸鐵法變更成與ISO等效的40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。這兩項變化使日本晶間腐蝕標準的適用范圍得到了較大的擴展，即適用范圍由僅適用于奧氏體不銹鋼進一步擴大到了雙相不銹鋼。但我國標準從2000版到2008 版內容卻無實質變化。根據GB/T 4334-2008的前言所述，與相應ISO標準相比，本標準方法C的適用范圍不包括雙相不銹鋼；方法B適用范圍不包括鐵素體不銹鋼。但實際上，在GB/T 4334-2008正文的第一章“范圍”中，方法A、B、C和D所明確指定的適用范圍都僅局限于奧氏體不銹鋼。在GB/T 4334-2008中，僅方法E明確指出“適用于奧氏體、奧氏體-鐵素體不銹鋼…”。這種情況下，對于雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試樣方法選擇范圍過于單一。此外，GB/T 4334-2008在方法A中列出了一些不銹鋼牌號所適用的晶間腐蝕試驗方法，這些牌號都是Cr含量全部低于20%的300系不銹鋼。對于Cr、Mo含量更高的奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼都沒有相應的說明，這在我國超級不銹鋼發展日益成熟的今天顯然有些過時。硫酸-硫酸銅法中決定其腐蝕性的主要是硫酸濃度，對于用在不太惡劣環境下的300系不銹鋼，如304不銹鋼(gang)、316不銹(xiu)鋼等，16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法已被廣泛證明是合適的。但是，對用于更惡劣環境下的高鉻、鉬不銹鋼，采用16%的硫酸-硫酸銅法檢驗晶間腐蝕的結果往往與工程實際不符合。此時，一般應選用更高濃度的硫酸。美、日、俄及ISO標準中都包含了更高濃度的硫酸-硫酸銅法，鑒于我國超級不銹鋼使用的日益廣泛，將更高濃度的硫酸法納入標準已顯得非常迫切。 當前，由于我國標準體系在高鉻鉬含量不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法方面的不夠完善，導致國內部分不銹鋼產品在晶間腐蝕檢驗時面臨無相關國家標準可依的窘境，而只能選用國際標準。例如，針對雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕檢驗，GB/T 21433-2008《不銹鋼壓力容器晶間腐蝕敏感性檢驗》就不得不引用了ISO 3651-(1~2)。 鑒于近年來不銹鋼產業在我國的迅猛發展，將適用于高鉻鉬含量奧氏體不銹鋼及雙相不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗方法納入不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕試驗標準顯得日益迫切。結合國外標準及我國對晶間腐蝕試驗方法的使用情況，本次標準的修訂將在GB/T 4334-2008的基礎上增加銅-硫酸銅-35%硫酸法及40%硫酸-硫酸鐵法。
3. 對取樣和制備、試驗報告(gao)進行了部分(fen)調整
GB/T 31935-2015及(ji)GB/T 32571-2016內容(rong)中關(guan)于“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備(bei)”及(ji)“試驗報告(gao)(gao)”部分參(can)考了(le)GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)，并同(tong)時進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)很好(hao)的(de)(de)改進(jin)(jin)，體(ti)現(xian)了(le)“先(xian)進(jin)(jin)性、科學性和(he)合理性”；本次GB/T 4334的(de)(de)修訂在(zai)“取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)和(he)制(zhi)備(bei)”及(ji)“試驗報告(gao)(gao)”部分與上(shang)述兩(liang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)進(jin)(jin)行(xing)了(le)適當的(de)(de)等同(tong)，既保證了(le)本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)先(xian)進(jin)(jin)性，同(tong)時又使(shi)不同(tong)類型(xing)不銹鋼的(de)(de)晶間腐蝕試驗取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)得(de)到了(le)統一。此外，對于彎(wan)曲法的(de)(de)取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)根據GB/T 4338-2008標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)在(zai)實際使(shi)用過程中遇到的(de)(de)問題以及(ji)多方意(yi)見增加(jia)了(le)附注，即“對于較厚的(de)(de)試樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，若無法彎(wan)曲兩(liang)個(ge)被檢驗面，則可取(qu)兩(liang)組(zu)各(ge)兩(liang)個(ge)試樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。取(qu)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)時標(biao)(biao)(biao)記出各(ge)試樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同(tong)的(de)(de)某一樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)面。試驗后，兩(liang)組(zu)試樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)分別彎(wan)曲被標(biao)(biao)(biao)記面和(he)未標(biao)(biao)(biao)記面”，增加(jia)了(le)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)實用性和(he)可操(cao)作性。
4. 對敏化(hua)制度(du)進行了部分(fen)調整(zheng)
早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)驗(yan)標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)主要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)為美、俄兩個體(ti)系標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)，其(qi)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)在(zai)(zai)當時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)均為 2h，20世(shi)紀(ji)70年(nian)代(dai)后均改為1h，說明(ming)(ming)(ming)2h偏長(chang)。根據合(he)肥通用(yong)(yong)機械(xie)研究院的(de)(de)(de)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)分析，8mm左右(you)厚度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)18-8鋼板(ban)，正常(chang)焊(han)條電(dian)弧焊(han)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)大(da)約不(bu)(bu)(bu)超過鋼板(ban)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)經(jing)650°C敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)15min的(de)(de)(de)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)程度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。所以(yi)一(yi)(yi)般認為GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)650°C保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)兩小(xiao)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)(dui)較嚴(yan)苛(ke)的(de)(de)(de)，該參數最早(zao)也源自日(ri)本(ben)JIS G 0571~0575-1980。但日(ri)標(biao)(biao)在(zai)(zai)1999年(nian)的(de)(de)(de)修訂版中(zhong)就將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)與ISO進行(xing)了等(deng)同(tong)，從而將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)大(da)大(da)縮短了。GB/T 4334.2-2000、GB/T 4334.3-2000、GB/T 4334.4-2000對(dui)(dui)低(di)(di)碳(tan)和(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)奧(ao)氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)出(chu)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)后，都另外(wai)說明(ming)(ming)(ming)“根據雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協議(yi)，也可以(yi)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”，而在(zai)(zai)GB/T 4334.1-2000和(he)(he)GB/T 4334.5-2000中(zhong)，卻(que)沒有(you)(you)(you)關于(yu)協商的(de)(de)(de)條款。到(dao)(dao)了GB/T 4334-2008版中(zhong)，則(ze)把所有(you)(you)(you)方(fang)法(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)統一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)為“對(dui)(dui)超低(di)(di)碳(tan)鋼（碳(tan)含(han)量(liang)(liang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)于(yu)0.03%）和(he)(he)穩定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)鋼種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)（添(tian)加(jia)鈦或鈮），敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為650℃，壓力加(jia)工試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件(jian)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1 h，空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)。”而無(wu)供需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協商條款。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)，從各工業(ye)企業(ye)反饋的(de)(de)(de)意見(jian)來看，普遍認為這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)過于(yu)死板(ban)，導致(zhi)試(shi)驗(yan)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)沒有(you)(you)(you)任何(he)調(diao)整空(kong)(kong)間(jian)(jian)(jian)。而實際(ji)上，對(dui)(dui)于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)牌號、不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)合(he)金含(han)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼，其(qi)第(di)二相(xiang)(xiang)析出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)感溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)差異的(de)(de)(de)，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個固定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)顯然不(bu)(bu)(bu)夠合(he)理(li)，美國ASTM A262標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)范(fan)圍(wei)為650~675°C，同(tong)時(shi)也允許供需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協商敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)的(de)(de)(de)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及隨(sui)后冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式，ISO及日(ri)本(ben)JIS標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)也提供了不(bu)(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)。可以(yi)說，將敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)嚴(yan)格限定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)個溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)明(ming)(ming)(ming)顯地違背(bei)了科學性原則(ze)。 可以(yi)看到(dao)(dao)： (1) ASTM A262僅強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)為650~675°C，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)和(he)(he)冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式不(bu)(bu)(bu)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，但是(shi)推(tui)薦了一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即 675°C，保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h； (2) ISO 3651-2提供了兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)供選(xuan)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，對(dui)(dui)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)、時(shi)間(jian)(jian)(jian)及冷(leng)卻(que)方(fang)式均做出(chu)了明(ming)(ming)(ming)確規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)； (3) JIS G 0575推(tui)薦采(cai)用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，但特別說明(ming)(ming)(ming)“經(jing)供需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協商，可以(yi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)其(qi)他(ta)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)”； (4) GB/T 4334-2008強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)執(zhi)行(xing)一(yi)(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，即“650°C，壓力加(jia)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)2h，鑄件(jian)保溫(wen)(wen)(wen)1h，空(kong)(kong)冷(leng)”。 此(ci)外(wai)，美國ASTM A262在(zai)(zai)銅-硫酸銅-16%硫酸法(fa)(fa)中(zhong)，特別說明(ming)(ming)(ming)除非(fei)(fei)需(xu)方(fang)特別聲明(ming)(ming)(ming)，否則(ze)可以(yi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)ISO 3651-2中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)A法(fa)(fa)替代(dai)本(ben)法(fa)(fa)，同(tong)時(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)提供的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，這(zhe)表明(ming)(ming)(ming) ASTM標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)對(dui)(dui)ISO標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)也是(shi)認可的(de)(de)(de)。因此(ci)，針對(dui)(dui)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕試(shi)驗(yan)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)更新版不(bu)(bu)(bu)再(zai)作(zuo)強制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，考慮(lv)到(dao)(dao)國內(nei)長(chang)期以(yi)來一(yi)(yi)些設計(ji)選(xuan)材(cai)對(dui)(dui)于(yu)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)連續(xu)性要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)，對(dui)(dui)奧(ao)氏體(ti)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼維持推(tui)薦采(cai)用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)；對(dui)(dui)于(yu)雙(shuang)(shuang)相(xiang)(xiang)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼，已(yi)有(you)(you)(you)大(da)量(liang)(liang)試(shi)驗(yan)和(he)(he)研究表明(ming)(ming)(ming)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)GB/T 4334-2008版標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)往(wang)往(wang)造(zao)成試(shi)驗(yan)過程中(zhong)試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)非(fei)(fei)晶間(jian)(jian)(jian)腐(fu)(fu)蝕開裂，從而增加(jia)大(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)鑒定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)工作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，因此(ci)我們推(tui)薦采(cai)用(yong)(yong)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)范(fan)圍(wei)更加(jia)廣泛的(de)(de)(de)ISO3651-2的(de)(de)(de)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)。對(dui)(dui)于(yu)其(qi)他(ta)不(bu)(bu)(bu)銹(xiu)(xiu)鋼，則(ze)規(gui)(gui)(gui)(gui)定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)“試(shi)樣(yang)(yang)是(shi)否需(xu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)(yao)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)和(he)(he)采(cai)取何(he)種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)敏(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)(min)化(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)(hua)處(chu)理(li)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)度(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)(du)，由產(chan)品標(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)(zhun)或供需(xu)雙(shuang)(shuang)方(fang)協商確定(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)(ding)”。
5. 對(dui)65%硝酸法所用硝酸濃度(du)添加注釋(shi)說明
此(ci)前研(yan)究表(biao)明(ming)，硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)對(dui)試驗結(jie)果(guo)影響較大(da)。對(dui)于(yu)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制，老版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)有專門(men)說(shuo)(shuo)明(ming)。如(ru)(ru)果(guo)按要(yao)求配(pei)(pei)(pei)制65%±0.2%確(que)實(shi)比較困難(nan)，需要(yao)通(tong)過(guo)滴(di)定來配(pei)(pei)(pei)制，對(dui)于(yu)企(qi)(qi)業來說(shuo)(shuo)存在(zai)困難(nan)。更(geng)新版(ban)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)將在(zai)文末添(tian)加“（ρ20=1.40g/mL）”以表(biao)示可以采用(yong)比重法(fa)間接測定所(suo)(suo)配(pei)(pei)(pei)溶(rong)(rong)液濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)是否符合要(yao)求。 此(ci)外，從該方(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)液配(pei)(pei)(pei)制過(guo)程(cheng)反饋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況(kuang)看(kan)，有些企(qi)(qi)業和單位會參照美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制方(fang)法(fa)（比率為每升(sheng)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)添(tian)加108mL水）配(pei)(pei)(pei)制。但這在(zai)我國(guo)國(guo)情下(xia)是不可取的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。美(mei)標(biao)(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制方(fang)法(fa)本身沒有問(wen)題，問(wen)題在(zai)于(yu)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)并(bing)不相同。國(guo)際(ji)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)ISO和美(mei)國(guo)ASTM標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)中對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規定是69%~71%;而我國(guo)GB/T 626中對(dui)于(yu)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)規定為65%~68%。即所(suo)(suo)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)初始濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)就(jiu)不一致，如(ru)(ru)果(guo)使(shi)用(yong)我國(guo)生產的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)符合GB/T 626的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)去按照美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A626中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制方(fang)法(fa)配(pei)(pei)(pei)出(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)濃(nong)(nong)(nong)度(du)將明(ming)顯低于(yu)65%。遂在(zai)標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)更(geng)新版(ban)中添(tian)加一了段(duan)注(zhu)釋(shi)：“本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)（質量分數65%~68%），與(yu)美(mei)國(guo)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)用(yong)硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)（質量分數69%~71%）不同，不能采用(yong)ASTM A262所(suo)(suo)規定硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)配(pei)(pei)(pei)制方(fang)式來配(pei)(pei)(pei)制本標(biao)(biao)(biao)準(zhun)(zhun)用(yong)65%硝(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)(xiao)酸(suan)(suan)溶(rong)(rong)液。”
6. 對彎曲法(fa)的(de)參數(shu)進行了修改
GB/T 4334自從第一(yi)版(ban)以(yi)來，就有(you)行(xing)業專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)其中銅(tong)-硫(liu)酸銅(tong)-16%硫(liu)酸法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)相比國外過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)致對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)此(ci)(ci)(ci)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)爭議一(yi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)。GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定如(ru)下：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)90°。試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)1mm；當(dang)(dang)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)1mm時(shi)，壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)為(wei)(wei)(wei)5mm。”這一(yi)規(gui)定最(zui)(zui)早沿(yan)(yan)用(yong)(yong)自GB 4334.5-1990。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)認識是(shi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果影(ying)響較(jiao)(jiao)小(xiao)，為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)方(fang)(fang)便而統一(yi)成兩個(ge)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)。 然而，近年(nian)來無論(lun)是(shi)理論(lun)計(ji)算還(huan)是(shi)實(shi)際實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)都表(biao)明(ming)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)結果有(you)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)影(ying)響。尤其是(shi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)較(jiao)(jiao)厚且本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)會出現(xian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差而導(dao)致開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況，從而增加(jia)了(le)(le)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)金相檢測(ce)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)。例如(ru)大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)研究表(biao)明(ming)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)本身較(jiao)(jiao)差，即使不(bu)(bu)(bu)經(jing)晶(jing)間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)，許多材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)稍厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)按GB/T 4334-2008標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)到180°也(ye)會由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)冷(leng)變(bian)(bian)形(xing)(xing)超(chao)過(guo)其塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)而導(dao)致開(kai)裂(lie)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)這類(lei)低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)特(te)意聲明(ming)，不(bu)(bu)(bu)須彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)180°，而是(shi)通(tong)(tong)過(guo)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)來獲得該材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)不(bu)(bu)(bu)產生冷(leng)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，并以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)晶(jing)間腐蝕試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)后試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)來評定試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)是(shi)否產生晶(jing)間腐蝕開(kai)裂(lie)。ISO 3651-2對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，我國鎳基(ji)合(he)金晶(jing)間腐蝕的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)GB/T 15260-2016對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規(gui)定是(shi)，“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)半徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)等于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩倍(bei)(bei)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180度(du)(du)(du)”，與(yu)此(ci)(ci)(ci)同時(shi)，也(ye)特(te)別(bie)說明(ming)“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)低(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，應通(tong)(tong)過(guo)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)一(yi)個(ge)與(yu)被試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)相同材(cai)(cai)質(zhi)及(ji)形(xing)(xing)狀的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空白(bai)(bai)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)為(wei)(wei)(wei)決定不(bu)(bu)(bu)發生裂(lie)紋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)”，這與(yu)ASTM A262是(shi)相似的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。有(you)行(xing)業專家(jia)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)，標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)先進(jin)性(xing)(xing)(xing)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)科學(xue)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和(he)(he)合(he)理性(xing)(xing)(xing)，而并非嚴(yan)苛性(xing)(xing)(xing)。當(dang)(dang)前GB/T 4334-2008對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)過(guo)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)嚴(yan)苛，導(dao)致了(le)(le)使用(yong)(yong)該標(biao)準(zhun)中方(fang)(fang)法(fa)E往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)增加(jia)了(le)(le)很(hen)(hen)大(da)(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)后期(qi)檢驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)量(liang)(liang)，方(fang)(fang)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)實(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也(ye)因此(ci)(ci)(ci)大(da)(da)大(da)(da)降低(di)(di)(di)，遠(yuan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)能滿足當(dang)(dang)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實(shi)際的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)需(xu)要(yao)。因此(ci)(ci)(ci)，結合(he)眾多專家(jia)意見及(ji)文(wen)獻，參(can)(can)考ASTM A262、ISO 3651-2以(yi)及(ji)我國GB/T 15260對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)法(fa)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)進(jin)行(xing)更改(gai)(gai)非常有(you)必(bi)要(yao)。 本次(ci)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)修改(gai)(gai)參(can)(can)照(zhao)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)，經(jing)修改(gai)(gai)后的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)參(can)(can)數(shu)(shu)(shu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)：“壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°。鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)舟形(xing)(xing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)沿(yan)(yan)垂(chui)(chui)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)縫(feng)方(fang)(fang)向進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)，焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)沿(yan)(yan)熔合(he)線進(jin)行(xing)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)低(di)(di)(di)韌性(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)，可(ke)用(yong)(yong)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)一(yi)個(ge)未經(jing)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)確定其不(bu)(bu)(bu)發生開(kai)裂(lie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)(zui)大(da)(da)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)，以(yi)此(ci)(ci)(ci)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)。”在(zai)GB/T 4334-2008版(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，保留了(le)(le)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)為(wei)(wei)(wei)180°，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)規(gui)定彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)度(du)(du)(du)由(you)(you)原(yuan)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)180°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)“不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°”，主要(yao)是(shi)考慮(lv)到焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)本身塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)較(jiao)(jiao)差，當(dang)(dang)前工(gong)(gong)(gong)業上對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)驗(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)也(ye)常采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)90°彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)角(jiao)(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)90°變(bian)(bian)為(wei)(wei)(wei)不(bu)(bu)(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)90°求(qiu)(qiu)兼容(rong)了(le)(le)此(ci)(ci)(ci)前版(ban)本的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)要(yao)求(qiu)(qiu)。 此(ci)(ci)(ci)外，還(huan)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)性(xing)(xing)(xing)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)進(jin)行(xing)了(le)(le)特(te)別(bie)說明(ming)。對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)，此(ci)(ci)(ci)次(ci)變(bian)(bian)更“對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)2倍(bei)(bei)；對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)鋼件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)管(guan)(guan)和(he)(he)焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)，試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)彎(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)(qu)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)應不(bu)(bu)(bu)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)厚度(du)(du)(du)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)4倍(bei)(bei)”，這與(yu)ISO標(biao)準(zhun)等同。相對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)ASTM標(biao)準(zhun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優點(dian)在(zai)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)需(xu)要(yao)針對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)每個(ge)厚度(du)(du)(du)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)同直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(jing)(jing)(jing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)。至于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)原(yuan)來5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)頭(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)(tou)，在(zai)新的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標(biao)準(zhun)規(gui)定下對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)力加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)而言適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚度(du)(du)(du)大(da)(da)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)2.5mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)，對(dui)(dui)(dui)(dui)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)鑄(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)件(jian)(jian)(jian)、焊(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)(han)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)件(jian)(jian)(jian)等低(di)(di)(di)塑(su)工(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)(jian)(jian)則適(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)厚度(du)(du)(du)1.25mm的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)試(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)樣(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)。
7. 對(dui)標準名(ming)稱進行了變更
近年來，由于鐵素(su)體不銹鋼的晶間腐蝕標準GB/T 31935-2015《金屬和合金的腐蝕 低鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》、GB/T 32571-2016《金屬和合金的腐蝕 高鉻鐵素體不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》先后發布，對于鐵素體不銹鋼而言已經有了獨立的晶間腐蝕試驗標準體系，所以GB/T 4334-2008《金屬和合金的腐蝕 不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法》這一名稱已明顯不合適，本次修訂后，GB/T 4334的適用范圍將包括奧氏體不銹鋼以及雙相不銹鋼，遂將標準名稱改成“金屬和合金的腐蝕 奧氏體及雙相(鐵素體-奧氏體)不銹鋼晶間腐蝕試驗方法”。
