2000年前后，隨著工程機械企業對材料要求的提高，鋼(gang)管生(sheng)產廠家除了新建一批先進的軋管機組外，還逐步加大了熱處理線的投入，以實現材料多狀態的交付，改變了以前只有正火、退火、回火的狀態，這對高強度鋼管的研發也起到了很大的作用。目前具備鋼管調質能力的企業有：天津鋼管、寶鋼、衡陽鋼管、湖北新冶鋼、新興鑄管、鞍鋼等。其中天津鋼管擁有十條熱處理線，寶鋼、衡陽鋼管也都有多條熱處理線，規格范圍覆蓋外徑Φ48～720mm；湖北新冶鋼先后建設了四條熱處理線，規格可覆蓋外徑Φ51～533mm，是熱處理比較好的企業之一。這些生產線的建設，為我國開發更高強度級別的如Q500、Q550、Q620、Q690、Q770、Q890等低合金高強度鋼創造了條件。2018年新修訂的《結構用無縫鋼管(guan)》（GB／T 8162-2018）將上述大部分牌號納入標準，從而與國外先進標準EN10210-1、EN10297-1更加接近。至此，高強度工程機械用鋼的牌號、化學成分、力學性能要求等，基本上與國際先進標準接軌。

一、起(qi)重(zhong)機臂架用無縫鋼管

  履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)廣泛(fan)應用于橋梁、發(fa)電設(she)備(bei)(bei)、煉油(you)設(she)備(bei)(bei)、風力發(fa)電機(ji)(ji)組以(yi)及海上工(gong)(gong)(gong)作(zuo)平臺(tai)等項目的施工(gong)(gong)(gong)，是工(gong)(gong)(gong)程機(ji)(ji)械中(zhong)(zhong)技術含量高、制造工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝復雜、具有獨特(te)性能(neng)的起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)作(zuo)業機(ji)(ji)械設(she)備(bei)(bei)。自2005年(nian)徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)團(tuan)率(lv)先研(yan)制成(cheng)功我國第(di)一臺(tai)300t級(ji)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)開始(shi)，我國履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)的發(fa)展(zhan)迅(xun)速(su)向大(da)噸(dun)位攀升。在(zai)2009年(nian)和2010年(nian)，徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)集(ji)團(tuan)、中(zhong)(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科、三(san)(san)一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)和撫順(shun)挖掘(jue)機(ji)(ji)制造有限公司(si)連續推(tui)出(chu)千噸(dun)級(ji)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。2011年(nian)5月(yue)，中(zhong)(zhong)聯重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)科和三(san)(san)一重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)又相繼推(tui)出(chu)3000t級(ji)以(yi)上大(da)型履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)。2013年(nian)7月(yue)，徐工(gong)(gong)(gong)4000t級(ji)履(lv)(lv)(lv)(lv)帶(dai)(dai)式起重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)機(ji)(ji)成(cheng)功啟(qi)用，并將萬華煙(yan)臺(tai)工(gong)(gong)(gong)業園高度為118m、直徑為14.4m、重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量為1680t的丙(bing)烯塔吊裝就位，開啟(qi)了中(zhong)(zhong)國吊裝行業的新征程。

作為履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)部(bu)件的(de)組(zu)合臂(bei)架，是承載和輸送的(de)關鍵部(bu)位，臂(bei)架一般(ban)是由(you)(you)長度(du)11m左右的(de)無縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)作為主弦臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)與腹(fu)臂(bei)管(guan)(guan)(guan)焊(han)接(jie)組(zu)合而成(cheng)(cheng)。對于400t以(yi)上大型履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機的(de)臂(bei)架，主弦管(guan)(guan)(guan)所使(shi)用(yong)的(de)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)外徑更大、壁(bi)厚更厚、強度(du)更高，要(yao)求(qiu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)不僅具(ju)有更高的(de)強度(du)和韌(ren)性(xing)，同時由(you)(you)于履帶(dai)(dai)式(shi)起(qi)重(zhong)(zhong)機臂(bei)架全(quan)部(bu)由(you)(you)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)焊(han)接(jie)而成(cheng)(cheng)，因此還要(yao)求(qiu)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)具(ju)有良好的(de)焊(han)接(jie)性(xing)能。國內(nei)主要(yao)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)770MPa和890MPa級高強鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)，衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)、新冶鋼(gang)(gang)、寶鋼(gang)(gang)、鞍鋼(gang)(gang)的(de)產品已(yi)完全(quan)替代(dai)進口(kou)。天津(jin)鋼(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)成(cheng)(cheng)功(gong)供貨屈(qu)服強度(du)960MPa級別(bie)臂(bei)架管(guan)(guan)(guan)。

二、旋挖(wa)機(ji)鉆桿用無縫鋼(gang)管

  旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)機(ji)是一(yi)種適合建(jian)筑基礎(chu)工程中成(cheng)(cheng)孔(kong)作業(ye)的(de)(de)(de)施工機(ji)械。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)是用(yong)(yong)在(zai)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)機(ji)與(yu)施工用(yong)(yong)鉆(zhan)頭之間(jian)，傳遞扭矩、軸向(xiang)壓力等載荷，沿共(gong)同(tong)軸心(xin)、逐(zhu)節伸縮(suo)(suo)的(de)(de)(de)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)狀(zhuang)結構(gou)。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)由三到六(liu)根無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)經(jing)機(ji)加工、焊(han)接(jie)后套裝而成(cheng)(cheng)。其中，每(mei)根無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)節鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套筒(tong)(tong)，每(mei)節鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)長度(du)通常(chang)約10m左(zuo)右，直徑Φ159～630mm，壁厚8～45mm；每(mei)節鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套筒(tong)(tong)的(de)(de)(de)外圓(yuan)按120度(du)均布(bu)焊(han)接(jie)厚度(du)x寬(kuan)度(du)約為20mmx50mm的(de)(de)(de)通長外鍵，每(mei)節鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套筒(tong)(tong)下端內弧(hu)面上(shang)(shang)焊(han)接(jie)了同(tong)樣厚度(du)和(he)寬(kuan)度(du)的(de)(de)(de)內鍵（長約500～900mm）。為保(bao)證旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)正常(chang)工作，要(yao)求(qiu)盡量(liang)縮(suo)(suo)小相鄰鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)套筒(tong)(tong)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)空隙，同(tong)時還要(yao)保(bao)證各節套筒(tong)(tong)能夠(gou)自由伸縮(suo)(suo)，這對套筒(tong)(tong)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)尺(chi)寸偏差及形(xing)狀(zhuang)精度(du)提出了特殊(shu)要(yao)求(qiu)。旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)采用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)加工制造(zao)(zao)，由于對鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)質量(liang)要(yao)求(qiu)嚴、技(ji)術含量(liang)高，過(guo)去主(zhu)要(yao)依靠從國(guo)(guo)外進口(kou)，目(mu)前(qian)國(guo)(guo)內生產旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)企業(ye)有幾十家，國(guo)(guo)產品牌鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)已(yi)完(wan)全取(qu)代進口(kou)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。國(guo)(guo)內鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)(zao)企業(ye)和(he)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)生產企業(ye)積累了豐富(fu)的(de)(de)(de)經(jing)驗，現已(yi)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)完(wan)善的(de)(de)(de)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)制造(zao)(zao)技(ji)術標準和(he)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)批(pi)量(liang)供貨能力，攀(pan)成(cheng)(cheng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)牽頭起草的(de)(de)(de)《旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)機(ji)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)》（GB／T 34109--2017）國(guo)(guo)家標準已(yi)實施，衡陽鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)和(he)天津鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)為北(bei)京三一(yi)智造(zao)(zao)科技(ji)有限(xian)公司開發的(de)(de)(de)SY550和(he)SY850旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)專用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)，突(tu)破了目(mu)前(qian)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)用(yong)(yong)無(wu)縫(feng)鋼(gang)(gang)(gang)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)采購(gou)技(ji)術要(yao)求(qiu)，將新材料應(ying)用(yong)(yong)在(zai)其第(di)五(wu)代旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)上(shang)(shang)，將旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)的(de)(de)(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽命由2000h提升到3000h以上(shang)(shang)，助推中國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)旋(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)(xuan)挖(wa)(wa)(wa)鉆(zhan)桿(gan)(gan)(gan)產品走在(zai)世界前(qian)列。